Toll样受体配体之炎症小体诱导剂
炎症小体是一个多蛋白复合物，通常由NLR家族的成员之一，如NLRP3、NLRC4，与接头蛋白ASC(包含CARD结构域的凋亡相关斑点样蛋白)，以及Caspase-1前体蛋白这三种分子所组成。天然免疫细胞感受到细胞浆中的病原相关模式分子(PAMP)或危险相关模式分子(DAMP)后，在其细胞浆内开始组装炎症小体，进而促进炎症因子IL-1和IL-18的释放，引起快速的炎症相关细胞死亡，即pyrotosis。
研究最为广泛的是NLRP3炎症小体，它可以被很多刺激物诱导形成，包括危险信号(如ATP)、结晶质(如MSU)和微生物毒素(如尼日利亚菌素，即nigericin)。NLRC4(包含Caspase活化及募集结构域的NLR4)/NAIP(神经凋亡抑制性蛋白)炎症小体是由Salmonella typhimurium(鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌)、Pseudomonas aeruginosa(绿浓杆菌)等细菌的鞭毛蛋白释放到细胞质中所引起的。NRLP1炎症小体则是由Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin(炭疽致死毒素)、Toxoplasma gondii(刚地弓形虫)、muramyl dipeptide(胞壁酰双肽)和宿主胞内ATP耗盡等诸多刺激诱导产生的，进而促进Caspase-1的生成。
炎症小体诱导剂相关产品：
|
PRODUCT |
ORIGIN/DESCRIPTION |
GRADE* |
WORKING CONCENTRATION |
QTY |
CATALOG CODE |
|
INFLAMMASOME INDUCERS |
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|
AIM2 Inflammasome Agonists |
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|
Poly(dA:dT) Naked |
Poly(dA-dT)•poly(dT-dA) |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
10 ng/ml – 1 µg/ml |
200 µg 1 mg |
tlrl-patn tlrl-patn-1 |
|
Poly(dA:dT)/LyoVec |
Poly(dA-dT)•poly(dT-dA)/LyoVec™ complexes |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
10 ng – 10 µg/ml |
100 µg |
tlrl-patc |
|
Poly(dA:dT)/Rhodamine |
Rhodamine labeled poly(dA-dT)•poly(dT-dA) |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
100 ng – 10 µg/ml |
10 µg |
tlrl-patrh |
PRR Ligands
|
PRODUCT |
ORIGIN/DESCRIPTION |
GRADE* |
WORKING CONCENTRATION |
QTY |
CATALOG CODE |
|
NLRP1 Inflammasome Inducers |
|||||
|
L18-MDP |
Muramyldipeptide with a C18 fatty acid chain |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
1 – 100 ng/ml |
1 mg |
tlrl-lmdp |
|
MDP |
Muramyldipeptide (L-D isoform, active) |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
10 ng – 10 µg/ml |
5 mg |
tlrl-mdp |
|
NLRP3 Inflammasome Inducers |
|||||
|
Alum Crystals |
Aluminium potassium sulfate |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
10 – 200 µg/ml |
1 g |
tlrl-alk |
|
ATP |
Adenosine 5’-triphosphate disodium salt |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
5 mM |
1 g |
tlrl-atpl |
|
CPPD Crystals |
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
1 – 50 µg/ml |
5 mg |
tlrl-cppd |
|
Hemozoin |
Synthetic heme crystal |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
50 – 400 µg/ml |
5 mg |
tlrl-hz |
|
MSU Crystals |
Monosodium urate (uric acid) |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
50 – 200 µg/ml |
5 mg 25 mg |
tlrl-msu tlrl-msu-25 |
|
Nano-SiO2 |
Nanoparticles of silica dioxide |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
10 – 200 µg/ml |
10 mg |
tlrl-sio |
|
Nigericin |
Nigericin, sodium salt |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
1 µM |
10 mg 50 mg |
tlrl-nig tlrl-nig-5 |
|
TDB |
Synthetic analog of the cord factor |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
1 – 100 µg/ml |
2 mg |
tlrl-tdb |
|
Non-canonical Inflammasome Inducers |
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|
E. coli OMVs NEW |
Purified outer membrane vesicles from E. coli BL21 |
TLR2 +/ TLR4 + |
0.2-100 µg/ml |
100 µg |
tlrl-omv-1 |
|
E. coli OMVs InvivoFit™ NEW |
Sterile grade of outer membrane vesicles from E. coli |
TLR2 +/ TLR4 + |
10-100 µg/mouse |
500 µg |
tlrl-omv |
|
Curdlan |
Beta-1,3-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
0.1 – 100 µg/ml |
1 g |
tlrl-curd |
|
HKCA |
Heat-killed Candida albicans |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
108 cells/ml |
109 cells |
tlrl-hkca |
|
Pustulan |
Beta-glucan from Lasallia pustulata |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
0.1 – 100 µg/ml |
100 mg |
tlrl-pst |
|
Zymosan Depleted |
Hot alkali treated zymosan |
TLR2 -/ TLR4 – |
100 µg/ml |
10 mg |
tlrl-zyd |
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